This module covers the laws of probability and the binomial, multinomial, and normal distributions. It covers descriptive statistics and methods of inference, including maximum likelihood, confidence intervals and simple Bayes methods. Classical hypothesis testing topics, including type I and II errors, two-sample tests, chi-square tests and contingency table analysis, and exact and permutation tests. Resampling methods, such as the bootstrap and jackknife, are covered as well. This module serves as a foundation for almost all of the later modules.